I) Đảo từ với câu điều kiên

1. Đảo từ với câu điều kiện loại 1

a) Câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng “ should” thay hiện tại không xác định chỉ khả năng xáy ra ít hơn ở tương lai. Đảo “should” lên đầu câu thay “If”

Eg: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home

==> Should it rain..........

b) Điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng thời hiện tại hoàn thành

Lấy “should” thay “If” sao đó để nguyên thể hoàn thành với “have done” ở tất cả các ngôi

Eg: If she has finished the work, she can go home

==> Should she have finished ..........

2. Điều kiện loại 2

a) Mệnh đề điều kiện loại 2 có dùng động từ “tobe” ở số nhiều “were” dùng “were” thay”if”

Eg: Iif I were you, i would love him

==> Were I you.................

b) Trong mẫu câu điều kiện loại 2 đặc biệt có dùng “If” đầu câu ( nếu không phải vì................. “were” khỏi “not’’sau đó đảo lên đầu câu thay “if”)

Eg: If it weren’t for your progress, i wouldn’t be here

==> Were it not your ....

c) Mẫu câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt

If + S+ were+ to do

Thay động từ ở quá khứ của mệnh đề điêu kiện loại 2

Eg: If i were to speak.......

==> Với mẫu câu này đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If”

3. Điều kiện loại 3

a) Dùng “Had” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”

Eg: If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam

==> Had she worked harder last year............

b) Câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt đi với đại từ “it” đầu câu

If it hadn’t been for + N ==> Nếu không phải vì.......

==> Tách “had” ra khỏi “not” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”

Eg: If it hadn’t been for hot weather,we would have had a wonderful holiday

==> Had it not been for............................

c) Mệnh để điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt có sử dụng” were to have done” thay quá khứ hoàn thành

Eg; If she had driven carefully, she wouldn’t have cause the accident

==> If she were to have driven......

Đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If”

==> Were she to have driven….




II. CASES OF INVERSION (Những trường hợp đảo ngữ)

1. Inversions take place after some negative adverb such as: little (một ít), nowhere (không một nơi nào), no longer (không còn nữa), in vain (vô ích), not until (mãi đến khi), never (không bao giờ), never again (không bao giờ nữa), never before (không bao giờ nữa), seldom = rarely, hardly (gần như không, khó mà), not for one minutes (không một phút nào)...

Example:
- He said little about it. => Little did he say about it.
- Nowhere you can enjoy delicious dishes like here. => Nowhere can you enjoy delicious dishes like here.
- No longer will he work here.
- In vain did they look for the missing people.
- Not until I came home did I realize that I had lost everything.
- Not until she left did I know that she had been very important for me.
- I will never forgive him. => Never will I forgive him
- Never again will I meet him.
- Never before have I seen this film (present perfect)
- She rarely makes a mistake => Rarely does she make a mistake.
- I hardly meet her nowadays. => Hardly do I meet her nowadays.
- Not for one minute do we feel peaceful.
- Not for one minute did she forger about it/him.

2. Inversions are used in emphasizing cases.

- I like it (normal) => Do I like it (emphasizing case)
- I slept well last night. => Did I sleep well last night.
- He loves her => He does love her.

3. Inversions are used in some conditional sentences.

- If I were the judge, I’d sentence him to death. => Were I the judge, I’d sentence him to death.
- If I weren’t rich, I wouldn’t help you. => Were I not rich, I wouldn’t help you.
- If I had taken his advice, I’d have succeeded
been successful.
=> Had I taken his advice, I’d ......
- If I had been flying to New York at that time, I’d have died.
=> Had I been flying to New York .....
- If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have known how to solve it.
=> Had you not helped me, I wouldn’t have known how to solve it.
- If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be tired now.
=> Had I not stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be tired now.

4. Inversions are used in questions.

- Do you like it?
- Have you had dinner yet?
- Will you go there tomorrow?
- Are you listening to me?

5. Inversions are used after some conjunctions such as:

- Hardly .... when
- Scarcely .... when (Ngay khi....)
- No sooner .... when

Hardly had I gone to bed when the phone rang.
No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.

6. Inversions are used in some phrases with “only”

- Only when (chỉ khi)
- Only if (chỉ nếu mà) + Clause
- Not only (không những)
(conjunctions)
- Only by (prep) (Chỉ bằng cách) + Clause

Ex:
+ Only when you grow up can you understand it.
+ Only if you tell me the truth can I forgive you.
+ Not only does he study well, but also he sings well.
+ Only by studying hard can you pass this exam.

7. Inversions are used in some phrases with “no”

- In no way (không bằng cách nào cả)
- At no time (chưa bao giờ)
- On no account (không vì một lý do gì)
- In/under no circunstances (cho dù thế nào cũng không)

Ex:
- In no way can you refuse to answer my question.
- At no time have I come there.
- On no account can you treat her badly like this.
- In no circunstances will I betray you (Phản bội)
- In no circunstances will I leave you alone (để bạn một mình)

8. Inversions are used with “not a” and “many a”

- Not a word did she say.
- Not a letter have I received from her.
- Many a rose did he give her
- Many a book has he read.

9. Inversions take place after “here” and “there”

- There comes our mother
- Here comes singer My Tam.

10. Inversions are used with “so” and “neither”

- I’m a student; I’m a student, too <=> So am I.
- I’m not a student; I’m not a student, either <=> Neither am I.
- She likes music; He likes music, too <=> So does he.
- She doesn’t like music; He doesn’t like music, either <=> Neither does he.
- I didn’t sleep well last nigh; She didn’t sleep well last night, either <=> Neither did she.
- I haven’t seen it ; I haven’t seen it, either <=> Neither have I.

* Notes:
Nếu trong câu đầu tiên có chứa một số trạng từ phủ định như hardly, seldom, rarely, never thì để diển đạt sự tương tự người ta dùng either hoặc neither (không dùng so và too).
- I hardly meet her nowadays; He hardly meet her nowadays, either <=> Neither does he.

. Nhóm từ: So, Such
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau:
So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ …
Ví dụ:
• So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
(Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được).
• So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
(Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị).
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + Danh từ +…”
Ví dụ:
• Such is the moment that all greats traverse.
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).
• Such is the stuff of dreams.
(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).